Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition that affects red blood cells. There is no permanent cure for this disorder, but the symptoms can be managed. The red blood cells are usually round and flexible, enabling them to move through the bloodstream with ease. However, in the case of those suffering from sickle cell anemia, the cells become sickle-shaped and sticky.
These cells are not flexible, as a result of which they burst apart, and they live for only 10 to 20 days. This leads to a shortage of RBCs and can lead to anemia.
Also, as these cells are sticky, they get attached to blood vessels and can cause a blockage, leading to a shortage of oxygen and severe pain. Such a situation calls for immediate medical treatment.
Causes
This is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the genes. One gets sickle cell anemia only if they inherit the gene from both their parents. On the other hand, if a child inherits the gene from one of their parents, they become a carrier of the disease.
Symptoms
The symptoms of sickle cell anemia are as listed:
- Pain in the arm, back, and legs
- Tiredness and irritability as a result of anemia
- Swelling of the hands and feet, along with pain
- Frequent infections
- Jaundice and yellowing of the skin
Risk factors
Majority of the people having sickle cell anemia are African Americans, and 1 in 500 African Americans develops this disorder. It can also affect people from India, the Mediterranean regions, the Arabian Peninsula, parts of the Caribbean, and Spanish-speaking regions in South and Central America.
Diagnosis
Based on the symptoms and a physical examination, blood tests would be conducted to find out if a person has this disease. Hb electrophoresis is done to measure the various types of hemoglobin to determine whether one has this disorder.
Nowadays, all newborn babies are screened for sickle cell disease so that treatment can start early.
Treatment
The only treatment for this disease is a bone marrow transplant. This is usually done for those below 16 years of age. It is a risky procedure and can even be fatal, which is why treatment methods are usually focused on treating the symptoms of the disease:
- Antibiotics to treat any infections.
- Analgesics or painkillers to reduce pain.
- Immunization for children to prevent infections.
- Blood transfusion in the case of severe anemia.
- A medicine called hydroxyurea is given to reduce painful episodes.
Home remedies
Here are some common home remedies to alleviate the symptoms of sickle cell anemia:
- Regular exercise helps to maintain health and boost immunity.
- Avoid painkillers and use heat pads to alleviate pain.
- Drinking a lot of water can help in preventing pain.
- Taking folic acid supplements helps in the creation of new RBCs.
- Following a diet with adequate fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps to maintain health.